コンピュータcomputerやandスマートフォンsmartphoneにはinデータdataのof保存savingにfor上限upper limit(容量)(capacity)がsubj.ありますthere is。
English Translation
Computers and smartphones have an upper limit (capacity) for saving data.
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例えばfor example、,スマートフォンsmartphoneのof容量capacityにはhas「64GB」「128GB」「256GB」「512GB」「1TB」storage sizesなどのsuch as種類kindsがsubj.ありthere are、,容量capacityがsubj.大きいlargerものonesほどthe more...高価expensiveでand、,多くのmany写真photosやand動画videosをobj.保存saveできますcan。
English Translation
For example, smartphones come in capacities such as 64GB, 128GB, 256GB, 512GB, and 1TB — the larger the capacity, the more expensive the device, and the more photos and videos it can store.
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そもそもto begin with、,コンピュータcomputerはtopic電気electricityのofON/OFFon/offをobj.表すexpresses【0】zeroとand【1】oneのof2つのtwo状態states(の集まり)(collection)しかonly理解できませんcannot understand。
English Translation
To begin with, computers can only understand the two states — 0 and 1 — that represent electricity being ON or OFF.
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このようにin this way0zeroとand1oneだけでonly with表現されたexpressed数値numberをobj.二進数(1)____binary numberとquote呼びますcall。
English Translation
Numbers expressed using only 0 and 1 like this are called binary numbers.
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コンピュータcomputerがsubj.扱うhandlesデータdata(情報量)(amount of information)のof「最小単位」"smallest unit"のことをthe thing ofビット(2)____bit(bit)bitと呼びcall、,二進数binaryのof1桁one digitにinあたりますcorresponds to。
English Translation
The smallest unit of information that a computer handles is called a bit; it corresponds to one digit of a binary number.
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1oneビットbitでwith表現できるcan express状態states(数字)(numbers)はtopic0zeroとand1oneのof2通り(3)___2 waysだけですonly。
English Translation
The states (numbers) that can be expressed with one bit are only the 2 possibilities: 0 and 1.
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しかしhowever、,1oneビットbit(2通り)(2 ways)だけではwith only表現できるexpressible情報informationがsubj.少なすぎますis too littleそこでso実務上in practice扱いやすいようにeasy to handle二進数binaryをobj.8桁(4)__8 digitsまとめたgrouped together単位unitをobj.バイト(5)____byte(Byte)byteと呼びますcall。
English Translation
However, 1 bit (2 possibilities) can express too little information. So, to make it easy to handle in practice, the unit formed by grouping 8 binary digits together is called a byte.
データ量data volumeがsubj.大きくなるとwhen it grows、,バイトbyteにto接頭辞prefix(キロ、メガなど)(kilo, mega, etc.)をobj.つけてattach表現しますexpress。
English Translation
When data volumes grow, prefixes (kilo, mega, etc.) are attached to byte to express them.
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本来originally、,コンピュータcomputerはtopic二進数binaryをobj.扱うためhandles、,22のof10乗(7)___10th powerであるwhich is「1024(8)___」—倍ごとにat multiples of単位unitがsubj.切り替わりますswitches(二進数の世界でキリが良いround number in binary数値valueのためbecause)—。
English Translation
Originally, since computers handle binary numbers, units switch at multiples of 2 to the 10th power — 1024 — because it is a round number in the binary world.
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ただしhowever、,実生活daily lifeのof十進数decimal(1000倍ごと)(per 1000x)のof感覚senseにto合わせるためto match、,近年recent yearsやandITパスポート試験IT Passport examのof計算問題calculation problemsにおいてはin、,わかりやすくeasy to understand「1000(9)___」—倍times(10の3乗倍)(10^3)としてas表現expressed・/計算されるcalculated場合casesがsubj.主流mainstreamとquoteなっていますhas become。
English Translation
However, to match the decimal sense of daily life (per 1000×), recent practice — including IT Passport exam calculation problems — mainly uses and calculates with "1000×" (10 to the 3rd power) for simplicity.
| 単位記号unit symbol |
読み方reading |
10進数での大きさ(試験の基本)size in decimal (exam standard) |
2進数本来の大きさoriginal binary size |
身近な例・目安everyday examples |
| KBkilobyte |
キロバイトkilo = 1,000 |
10の3乗 B(1,000 B)10 to the 3rd bytes |
1024 B(10)____ |
テキストtextデータdataなどetc. |
| MBmegabyte |
メガバイトmega = 1,000,000 |
10の6乗 B(1,000,000 B)10 to the 6th bytes |
1024 KB(11)_____ |
高画質high-qualityなadj.写真photoなどetc. |
| GBgigabyte |
ギガバイトgiga = 1,000,000,000 |
10の9乗 B(1,000,000,000 B)10 to the 9th bytes |
1024 MB(12)_____ |
スマホsmartphone容量capacity、,映画movieなどetc. |
| TBterabyte |
テラバイトtera = 1 trillion |
10の12乗 B(1兆 B)10 to the 12th bytes |
1024 GB(13)_____ |
PCのofSSDsolid state drive・/ハードディスクhard disk |
| PBpetabyte |
ペタバイトpeta = 10^15 |
10の15乗 B10 to the 15th bytes |
1024 TB(14)_____ |
データセンターdata centerのof容量capacityなどetc. |
試験examではin 10進数decimal(1000 倍times)ベースが基本standard。2進数binary本来originalの切り替わりswitching point(1024 倍times)は No.10–14 を参照refer to。
Key Terms — 重要用語
Glossary of terms from this unit
二進数
binary number (No.1)
A number expressed using only the digits 0 and 1, which correspond to electricity being OFF and ON.
ビット
bit (No.2)
The smallest unit of information a computer handles. Equals one digit of a binary number and can express only 2 states: 0 and 1.
バイト
byte (No.5–6)
A unit formed by grouping 8 bits together. The most important formula: 1 byte = 8 bits (256 possible states, 2 to the 8th).
接頭辞
prefix
A marker attached to a unit to indicate scale: kilo (K), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T), peta (P).
キロバイト
kilobyte / KB
1,000 bytes in the exam's decimal base; originally 1024 bytes in binary. Roughly the size of text data.
メガバイト
megabyte / MB
1,000,000 bytes (10 to the 6th); originally 1024 KB. Roughly a high-quality photo.
ギガバイト
gigabyte / GB
1,000,000,000 bytes (10 to the 9th); originally 1024 MB. Used for smartphone capacities and movies.
テラバイト
terabyte / TB
10 to the 12th bytes (1 trillion); originally 1024 GB. Used for PC SSDs and hard disks.
ペタバイト
petabyte / PB
10 to the 15th bytes; originally 1024 TB. Used for data center capacities and beyond.